Sand Creek massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians.

The 13th Amendentment takes effect, abolishing slavery.

Transcontinental railroad is completed.

Thomas Edison invents the light bulb.

The Kodak camera is invented.

The rubber shoe-heel is invented.

William McKinley is president.

Publication of Sigmund Freud's book, "The Interpretation of Dreams"

Theodore Roosevelt becomes President.

Josephine's maternal grandparents move in with them, for about 1 or 2 years.

Einthoven develops the electrocardiogram, the first practical method for looking at the electrical activity of the heart.

Josephine and Gertrude go with parents to the World's Fair.

Bottle-making machinery is invented.

Joesphine and Gertrude start school. Walk three miles each way to school in Shiloh, Illinois, until entering high school in 1912.

Josephine's maiden aunt moves in, and lives with the family until 1925.

San Francisco earthquake and fire.

George and Louise's fourth and final child, Fred, is born.

Financial panic and depression starts.

Henry Ford introduces Model T car, priced at $850.

National Conference on the Negro (which led to founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People) is held.

Neon lights are invented.

Air conditioning is invented.

Josephine and Gertrude begin 8th grade in O'Fallon, Illinois.

American Girl Guides (which became Girl Scouts) founded.

The 16th Amendment is ratified, allowing Congress to collect taxes on income. Only one in 271 people pays an income tax, at a rate of 1%.

Panama Canal officially opens, August 15.

Bristish ship, Lusitania, is sunk by German submarine.

Jeannette Rankin becomes first elected U.S. Congresswoman.

Ernst Asbury, who would later become Josephine's second husband, was the first medical doctor at Scott Air Force Base. He took care of accidents while the base was under construction.

U.S. declares war, April 6.

Josephine's maternal grandfather dies.

Influenza epidemic kills estimated 20 million worldwide, 548,000 in U.S.

First trans-Atlantic flight by U.S. Navy seaplane.

Wall Street bomb kills 30, injures 100.

Discovery of insulin by Frederick Banting, Charles H. Best, and J.J.R. Macleod

Josephine is a charter member of Shiloh Valley Grange.

Insulin is invented.

Joesphine and Earl move into their first home, August.

First sound-on-film motion picture.

Josephine and Earl's first child, Earl Jr., is born, May 31.

Rudolph Matas developed the principle of giving continuous intravenous (IV) solutions.

Earl's father suffers stroke and is paralyzed on one side. He remains bedfast, and thereafter lives with and is cared for by his sons.

Quick-frozen food is invented.

Josephine's maternal grandmother dies.

The Revenue Act of 1926 reduces income taxes because "too much money is being collected."

Josephine and Earl's second child, James William, is born, August 18.

Musical play, Showboat, opens in New York.

Earl's father dies.

Alexander Fleming notices a stray mold on a plate culture of staphylococcus bacteria and finds that penicillin mold is a potent antibacterial agent.

Josephine and Earl move their family into the home with Josephine's mother. They rent out their 4 year old home.

Stock market crashes, October 29. Worst American depression begins.

Josephine's sister, Gertrude, marries E. G. Hendricks, October 4.

Empire State building opens.

The cardiac pacemaker is invented.

President Roosevelt gets Congressional approval of "New Deal" social and economic measures.

Josephine is honored as "Worthy Matron" of her Eastern Star chapter.

Social Security Act passed by Congress.

Josephine and Earl move their family back to their home, and do some remodeling.

The cotton-picking machine is invented.

Josephine is an early President of the O'Fallon PTA.

Nylon is invented.

Josephine continues Earl's real estate and insurance business, though she disliked it.

Drs. Florey, Chain, and colleagues isolate penicillin in a relatively pure form and demonstrate that it safely and effectively treats infections in humans.

The helicopter is invented.

Josephine marries Ernst Asbury, Earl's older brother. Ernst's wife, Nellie, had died in April 13, 1938.

Color television is invented.

Josephine and Ernst begin many years of social activities, participation in community organizations, visits to relatives, and picnics at Ernst's cabin, known as "Dox Loj."

U.S. declares war on Germany and Italy, December 11.

First nuclear chain reaction produced, at Univeristy of Chicago.

U.S. troops invade Italy.

Selman A. Waksman and colleagues discover streptomycin in cultures of a soil organism and find that it treats tuberculosis.

Japan surrenders, August 15.

The electronic digital computer is invented.

During the late 40s or into the 50s, Josephine is President of New Baden, Illinois Women's Club.

The microwave oven is invented.

Josephine has severe gall bladder attack, then surgery.

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is founded.

While in New Baden, Josephine was active in the New Baden Methodist Church. She served as Superintendent of the Sunday School and taught a women's Sunday School class for a number of years.

President Truman orders Air Force and Navy to Korea.

Mine disaster at West Frankfort, Illinois kills 119.

Paul Zoll develops the cardiac defibrillator which is essential to cardiac resuscitation

Watson and Crick discover the molecular structure of DNA.

First kidney transplant.

Josephine becomes President of P.E.O. chapter HR in Belleville, Illinois; a post she holds until 1957.

Rosa Parks refuses to give her seat to a white man on a Montgomery Alabama bus.

Videotape is invented.

Little Rock, Arkansas has conflict over 9 black students who are to attend a previously all-white high school.

Ernst's daugther, Ruth Asbury Bann, dies, December 9.

First domestic jet airline service.

Albert B. Sabin develops the widely used oral poliomyelitis vaccine.

Bay of Pigs invasion takes place.

John Glenn becomes first American in orbit.

Thomas Starzl performs the first liver transplant.

Three civil rights workers are reported missing in Mississippi, found buried two months later.

Medicare begins.

Christiaan Barnard transplants the first human heart.

Ernst retires after 50 years as a medical doctor, physician, surgeon, and obstetrician in New Baden, Illinois.

Senator Robert F. Kennedy is assassinated.

Josephine and Ernst move to O'Fallon, September.

The Woodstock music festival takes place in New York, August.

Godfrey Hounsfield develops the first CT scanner, for medical use.

Josephine's mother dies, July, age 102.

The pocket calculator is invented.

Gerald Ford becomes President.

Family reunion in Estes Park, Colorado.

Jimmy Carter becomes President.

Family reunion in Estes Park, Colorado.

Compact discs are invented.

World Health Organization officially declares that smallpox has been eradicated.

Family reunion in Estes Park, Colorado.

President Reagan is shot in an assassination attempt.

Family reunion in O'Fallon, Illinois to celebrate Jo and Gert's 85th birthday.

Kary B. Mullis describes the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the most sensitive assay for DNA yet devised.

Josephine moves to Friendship Village, Chesterfield, Missouri, September.

Space shuttle Challenger explodes moments after liftoff.

President Reagan produced the nation's first trillion-dollar budget.

Nation suffers worst drought in more than 50 years.

Family reunion in Estes Park, Colorado.

Alaskan oil spill in nations worst.

Family reunion in Estes Park, Colorado.

Construction of joint use airport at Scott Air Force Base. Additional information.

Josephine's sister, Gertrude, dies, November 1.

Family reunion near Branson, Missouri.

Family reunion in Estes Park, Colorado.

Josephine's 100th Birthday, June 29.